Classification of Steel Structure Buildings
Steel structure buildings are widely used, such as our common steel structure warehouses, factories, office buildings, supermarkets, gymnasiums, bridges, various public buildings, high-rise buildings, etc. Steel structure buildings have the advantages of light weight, high strength, good earthquake resistance, recyclability, etc., and occupy a large share in the construction industry.
There are many types of steel structure buildings, and different types of buildings should adopt different steel structure forms. Steel structure buildings are roughly divided into portal steel frame structures, space truss structures, grid structures and multi-story structures according to the structural force characteristics.
The portal steel frame is the most commonly used structural system with a simple structure. The main structure includes steel beams, steel columns, supports, purlins, tie rods, gable frames, etc. It can be applied to various simple structural buildings, factories, warehouses, office buildings, supermarkets, various public facilities, etc. It has the advantages of simple structure, clear force transmission path, safety and durability, simple and fast processing, and short construction period. The portal steel frame has a history of nearly a hundred years and is a structural system with relatively complete design, production and construction standards.
Space truss structure:
Truss structure is a beam-type component, which is composed of multiple small-section rods. The “hollow beam” has a large bending resistance, small deflection, saves materials, is light in weight, and has a larger span than a solid beam. The truss forms are triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal, arched, etc.
It is often used in large-span factories, exhibition halls or bridges. Most of them are used for the roof of the building. Trusses usually refer to truss beams, and trusses are often called roof trusses.
Grid structure:
Grid structure is a spatial bar system structure, and the load-bearing rods are connected by nodes according to a certain rule. It has the advantages of small spatial force, light weight, high stiffness, and good seismic performance. Due to the regular combination of structures, a large number of rods and nodes have the same shape and size, which is convenient for factory processing and site installation. It is often used for roofs of buildings such as gymnasiums, theaters, exhibition halls, waiting halls, and hangars.
Multi-story structure:
Multi-story structure mainly includes frame structure, frame shear wall structure, tube-in-tube structure and bundled tube structure.
Frame structure is mainly composed of beams and columns to form a frame, which bears vertical and lateral forces. The structure has large lateral deformation and is generally suitable for structures below 20 floors. Columns generally use box-type steel columns or steel tube concrete columns.
Frame shear wall structure: Shear walls are generally concrete slabs or steel plates, which have better lateral stiffness than supports, more flexible layout, and can be suitable for higher building structures.
Tube-in-tube structure: It is composed of core tube, frame tube and truss tube. Generally, the core tube is inside and the frame tube or truss tube is outside, and the inner and outer tubes jointly resist the horizontal force. The tube surrounded by shear walls is called a solid tube, and the open tube formed by regularly arranged window holes on the solid tube wall is called a frame tube; the tube wall composed of trusses formed by vertical bars and diagonal bars is called a truss tube.
Bundled tube structure is a combined tube structure. When the building plane is large, in order to reduce the deformation of the exterior wall under the action of lateral force, the building plane is arranged according to the modular grid, so that the external frame cylinder and the internal longitudinal and transverse shear wall become a combined cylinder group.
This greatly enhances the rigidity and lateral force resistance of the building. The bundled tube structure can form any building shape and can adapt to the needs of different heights of the body combination, enriching the appearance of the building.
For different steel structure buildings, it is necessary to choose the appropriate steel structure type to make the building more economical, safer and more reasonable. A well-designed building will be more durable and convenient after it is built. In addition, different buildings have different requirements, and different requirements in terms of fire prevention, earthquake resistance and corrosion resistance will also cause differences in cost and service life.
